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- 23.4.2009
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n-3 fatty acids and blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus.
Vessby B.
Department of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Abstract
Our knowledge of the effects of n-3 fatty acids on the glucose homeostasis in diabetes mellitus is at present incomplete. The results are in certain respects conflicting. Several studies have shown that addition of n-3 fatty acids, especially in type-2 diabetes, may increase blood glucose concentrations without a concomitant increase of insulin or C-peptide concentrations. The glucose/insulin ratio is increased in fasting as well as after meals. On the other hand, some data indicate that, in spite of increased or unchanged glucose concentrations, there may be an improved peripheral insulin sensitivity. The stimulated insulin response may be reduced after mixed meals, although there are no indications of significant impairments of the response to intravenous glucose. The reasons for the observed changes are still obscure. More controlled studies, during prolonged periods of time, are needed. At present it would seem important to closely follow diabetic patients with respect to glucose and lipid metabolism if treated with n-3 fatty acids. As for now, diabetic patients are recommended to increase their intake of fish in the diet. The use of pharmacological doses of n-3 fatty acids remains investigational.
PMID: 2650692
Diabetes. 1989 Oct;38(10):1314-9.
Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.
Borkman M, Chisholm DJ, Furler SM, Storlien LH, Kraegen EW, Simons LA, Chesterman CN.
Garvan Institute of Medical Research St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract
Fish oils, containing omega-3 fatty acids (omega 3FAs), favorably influence plasma lipoproteins in nondiabetic humans and prevent the development of insulin resistance induced by fat feeding in rats. We studied the effects of fish oils in 10 subjects (aged 42-65 yr) with mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Subjects were fed a standard diabetic diet plus 1) no supplementation (baseline), 2) 10 g fish oil concentrate (30% omega 3FAs) daily, and 3) 10 g safflower oil daily over separate 3-wk periods, the latter two supplements being given in radom order by use of a double-blind crossover design. At the end of each diet period, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and lipids were measured, and insulin sensitivity was assessed with a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp performed with [3-3H]glucose. FBG increased 14% during fish oil and 11% during safflower oil supplementation compared with baseline (P less than .05), whereas body weight, fasting serum insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity were unchanged. The absolute increase in FBG during each supplementation period correlated with the baseline FBG (fish oil, r = .83, P less than .005); safflower oil, r = .75, P = .012). Fasting plasma triglyceride levels decreased during fish oil supplementation in the 4 subjects with baseline hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 2 mM) but were not significantly reduced overall. There was no significant change in fasting plasma total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In summary, dietary fish oil supplementation adversely affected glycemic control in NIDDM subjects without producing significant beneficial effects on plasma lipids. The effect of safflower oil supplementation was not significantly different from fish oil, suggesting that the negative effects on glucose metabolism may be related to the extra energy or fat intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PMID: 2676659
Juu, diabeetikoilla.
Adverse Effects of Fish Oil
DERMOT KENNY, MD
Milwaukee, Wis
Arch Intern Med. 1990;150(9):1967-1971.
Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.
To the Editor.— Fisher et al1 in their article on n-3 fatty acids and cellular aspects of atherogenesis suggest that urgent trials of n-3 fatty acid supplementation are needed to assess their effects on atherosclerotic disease. While epidemiological studies2,3 have documented a reduced incidence of ischemic heart disease in populations with a high intake of n-3 fatty acids, there is also an unexplained increased incidence of stroke.2,3 Apart from a high incidence of unpleasant side effects in patients taking fish oil supplements, clinical4 and laboratory studies5 have shown evidence of raised blood pressure in groups taking omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. In addition, recent epidemiological evidence has shown an increased incidence and prevalence of hypertensive related diseases3 in the same type of population in whom there is a low incidence of ischemic heart disease. While the theoretical benefits of n-3 fatty acid supplementation are . . .
Enempää ei näe ilman salasanaa tai rahaa.
Environ Int. 2007 Oct;33(7):993-8. Epub 2007 May 30.
Omega-3 fatty acids and the benefits of fish consumption: is all that glitters gold?
Domingo JL.
Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain. joseluis.domingo@urv.cat
Abstract
In recent years, a number of studies have clearly remarked the nutritional benefits of fish consumption: proteins, vitamins, minerals, and especially omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which may protect against several adverse health effects, including coronary heart disease mortality and stroke. However, some concerns about potential health risks derived from the environmental contaminants found in fish have been also raised. Therefore, balancing adequately the risks and benefits of fish consumption is currently a nutritional/environmental health key issue. In this paper, the most recent available scientific information concerning this issue is reviewed. It is concluded that although it seems evident that fish must be an important part of a balanced diet, to choose the most suitable species in terms of levels of PUFAs and pollutants, the frequency of consumption, and the meal size are essential aspects to balance benefits and risks of a regular consumption.
PMID: 17540446
Sama juttu.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 Nov;62(11):2079-85.
The benefits and risks of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Takahata K, Monobe K, Tada M, Weber PC.
Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Japan. baiyou-1@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
Abstract
There is a growing number of animal models and clinical trials of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) supplementation in disease. Epidemiologic and biochemical studies have suggested beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs. But also, the use of n-3 PUFAs has some potential toxicological risks that can be circumvented by careless processing, storing, and preserving the PUFAs. The use of n-3 PUFAs is safe if appropriate preparations and dosages are selected. Much research is needed to clarify their use under different disease conditions. The newly established clinical and nutritional facts on n-3 PUFAs will induce industry to develop food products based on this knowledge.
PMID: 9972229
Koko teksti -> http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/62/11/2079/_pdf