Soija soija testotasot testotasot?

  • Keskustelun aloittaja Keskustelun aloittaja juffe
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28.8.2003
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Iik. Tästä kun nyt on niin kauheasti puhetta ollut, niin pienentääkö se vähäinen soijan käyttö testotasoja?

Mä nyt kokeeksi otin nutriplussan whey3:sta, jossa on siis sekä hera, muna, että soijaproteiinia. Vaikuttaakohan tämä mitenkään testoihin, en usko?

Olis tietty kiva tietää toi jakauma paljoko tossa on mitäkin protskulajia, joten jos joku tietää niin kertokoon? :hyper:

-- Juffe
 
10% ALENNUS KOODILLA PAKKOTOISTO
juffe sanoi:
Mä nyt kokeeksi otin nutriplussan whey3:sta, jossa on siis sekä hera, muna, että soijaproteiinia. Vaikuttaakohan tämä mitenkään testoihin, en usko?

Otat vaan rauhassa sitä nutriplussan whey3:sta. Testoihin vaikuttaa niin paljon eri asiat, että ei soija siinä sivussa tunnu missään. Varsinkin, kun sitä ei urakalla lappaa äänen suuntaan. lepo, ravinto ja säännöllisyys ovat mielestäni testotasojen kannalta myös erittäin tärkeitä ja nämä ovat monella päin persettä. Siinä sitten samalla ihmetellään että muuttuuko naiseksi, jos syö soijaa.
 
no et siitä soijasta miehisyyttäsi menetä. syö ihan rauhassa . itsellä soijasta hyviä kokemuksia ainakin dietiltä. pienentääkö vähäinen soija määrä testotasoja? no ei. jos sillä jotain vaikutusta on, et sitä huomaa. itsellä tulee päivässä vähän soijaa muitten protskujen mukana syötyä ja pidän sitä vaan hyvänä lisänä päivittäiseen annokseen, sillä onhan sillä hyviäkin vaikutuksia!
 
Viimekuun puolella kuulin, että jokin tutkimus..muistaakseni Englannissa olisi löytänyt miesten hedelmättömyyden ja soijan käytön väliltä jonkin riippuvuden....(riippuvuus :D )
Nykyisissä elintarvikkeissa käytetään paljon soijapohjaisia aineita..mm. soijalesitiiniä, ja tämän katsotaan aiheittavan sen verran miehille hörmoonitasoon häiriötä, että suvun jatkaminen takkuilee.

Meikäläiseltä loppui sen tien soijaprotskun syönti, kun tämän kuulin...ei silleen että meinaisin vielä jotenkin lisääntyä, kuin vain oman lihasmassa osalta ;)
 
heh.. hölynpölyä. älä syö sitä jos pelkäät. luulen kuitenkin että öljyjen käyttö yhdistettynä kevääseen pitää testotasot tapissa.

kohta täällä on topiceja että "riittääkö tribulus palauttamaan soijasta?!11"
 
Pii sanoi:
Viimekuun puolella kuulin, että jokin tutkimus..muistaakseni Englannissa olisi löytänyt miesten hedelmättömyyden ja soijan käytön väliltä jonkin riippuvuden....(riippuvuus :D )
Nykyisissä elintarvikkeissa käytetään paljon soijapohjaisia aineita..mm. soijalesitiiniä, ja tämän katsotaan aiheittavan sen verran miehille hörmoonitasoon häiriötä, että suvun jatkaminen takkuilee.

Meikäläiseltä loppui sen tien soijaprotskun syönti, kun tämän kuulin...ei silleen että meinaisin vielä jotenkin lisääntyä, kuin vain oman lihasmassa osalta ;)

Meikäläisen soijan syönti loppui siihen, kun ostin ekan pussin ja itkusilmässä söin lähes koko pussukan. Jämät on vielä kaapissa. Väkisin en rupea enää mitään syömään, jos maistuu yrjölle niin sitten saa jäädä syömättä.

Kyllä mä kuitenkin syön ruokia joissa on soijaa pelkäämättä sen vaikuttavan testotasoihin, tuskimpa se nyt ainakaan kohtuullisina annoksina hallaa tekee.
 
Pii sanoi:
Viimekuun puolella kuulin, että jokin tutkimus..muistaakseni Englannissa olisi löytänyt miesten hedelmättömyyden ja soijan käytön väliltä jonkin riippuvuden....(riippuvuus :D )
Nykyisissä elintarvikkeissa käytetään paljon soijapohjaisia aineita..mm. soijalesitiiniä, ja tämän katsotaan aiheittavan sen verran miehille hörmoonitasoon häiriötä, että suvun jatkaminen takkuilee.

Meikäläiseltä loppui sen tien soijaprotskun syönti, kun tämän kuulin...ei silleen että meinaisin vielä jotenkin lisääntyä, kuin vain oman lihasmassa osalta ;)

Puoli purkkia soijalesetiiniä nostaa ääntä oktaavilla ja koko purkin syötyään pääsee kansallisoopperaan sopraanoksi. Tosi on sano Lassila. :thumbs:
 
"Viimekuun puolella kuulin, että jokin tutkimus..muistaakseni Englannissa olisi löytänyt miesten hedelmättömyyden ja soijan käytön väliltä jonkin riippuvuden..."

Hohhoijaa...Mielenkiintoista, että aasialaiset taitavat kuitenkin olla maailman sikiävintä porukkaa....Jos oikein muistan, niin aasialaisia on ainakin 1/5 tai jopa 2/5 osa maailman ihmisistä. Eikö? Ja aasialaisethan syö päivittäin todella runsaasti soijaa, niin paljon, että niitä flavonoideja tulee heille päivittäin varman yhtä paljo kun meille yhdestä pussista soijaproteiinia! Koska siinähän ei niitä flavonoideja enää pahemmin edes ole!!

Eli on kyllä harvinaisen perseestä toikin tutkimus. En tiedä miten ne oikein aina onnistuu, mutta kyllähän sitä kaikesta löytää paskaa kun oikein rupeaa etsimään ja usein kärpäsestä tehdään härkänen, koska halutaan vain shokeerata, ajaa omia subjektiivisa mielipiteitä tms.

Ps: On se kumma miten neuroottisia ihmiset on...
 
Ja on se kumma, kun kerta toisensa jälkeen soija pääsee otsikkoihin naishorkkana! Suurimmat juttuviljelijät taitavat olla heraprotskuvalmistajat ;-))
 
rollerghost sanoi:
Hohhoijaa...Mielenkiintoista, että aasialaiset taitavat kuitenkin olla maailman sikiävintä porukkaa....Jos oikein muistan, niin aasialaisia on ainakin 1/5 tai jopa 2/5 osa maailman ihmisistä. Eikö? Ja aasialaisethan syö päivittäin todella runsaasti soijaa, niin paljon, että niitä flavonoideja tulee heille päivittäin varman yhtä paljo kun meille yhdestä pussista soijaproteiinia! Koska siinähän ei niitä flavonoideja enää pahemmin edes ole!!

Niilläpä onkin pienemmät vehkeet. :hyper:

Kyllähän soijaa syövä erottuu hormonitasojensa perusteella semmoisesta, joka jättää soijat syömättä, mutta eipä se ero ilmeisesti kovin kummoinen ole. Jos pellavasiemenrouhe maistuu on turha miettiä soijan pitoisuuksia.
 
Wintikka sanoi:
Ja on se kumma, kun kerta toisensa jälkeen soija pääsee otsikkoihin naishorkkana! Suurimmat juttuviljelijät taitavat olla heraprotskuvalmistajat ;-))

Heh
No tämä uutinen tulla tupsahti radion uutistoimituksesta.
Soijaproteiini ei meikäläiselle ole ollut mikään elämän ja kuoleman kysymys.
Edusti vain halpaa perusproteiinia joka on kuitenkin helpo korvata muutamalla lasillisella maitoa.
Kun vielä muistellaan jo täälläkin palstalla käytyjä keskusteluja soijasta testonlaskijana. Rupeaa tälläistä negatiivista palautetta olemaan senverran paljon, että ajattelin mieluummin katsoa kuin katua, koska soija itsessään ei kuitenkaan tuo mitään korvaamatonta lisäarvoa proteiinirintamalla.

Jahka täytätte nelkytä niin katsotte tekin mitä suuhun laitatte :urjo:

Mitä tulee väkilukuihin, niin jo kolme lasta / perhe riittää nostamaan väkilukua. Jos olot ovat suhteellisen rauhalliset ja ravintoa riittää niin väkiluku nousee suhteellisen pienelläkin lapsikatraalla.
 
Joo, en mäkään soijaa vedä, kun evon ultra on sen verran halpaa, mutta lähinnä mun kommentti oli estää turhaa paniikkia.......
Kun joku soijaa vetänyt tekee polttoitsarin näitä soijajuttuja luettuaan.
 
rollerghost sanoi:
"Viimekuun puolella kuulin, että jokin tutkimus..muistaakseni Englannissa olisi löytänyt miesten hedelmättömyyden ja soijan käytön väliltä jonkin riippuvuden..."

Hohhoijaa...Mielenkiintoista, että aasialaiset taitavat kuitenkin olla maailman sikiävintä porukkaa....Jos oikein muistan, niin aasialaisia on ainakin 1/5 tai jopa 2/5 osa maailman ihmisistä. Eikö? Ja aasialaisethan syö päivittäin todella runsaasti soijaa, niin paljon, että niitä flavonoideja tulee heille päivittäin varman yhtä paljo kun meille yhdestä pussista soijaproteiinia! Koska siinähän ei niitä flavonoideja enää pahemmin edes ole!!

Eli on kyllä harvinaisen perseestä toikin tutkimus. En tiedä miten ne oikein aina onnistuu, mutta kyllähän sitä kaikesta löytää paskaa kun oikein rupeaa etsimään ja usein kärpäsestä tehdään härkänen, koska halutaan vain shokeerata, ajaa omia subjektiivisa mielipiteitä tms.

Ps: On se kumma miten neuroottisia ihmiset on...

Tässä taas ote tuosta T-magissa olleesta jutusta: aasialaiset (yleistys) eivät siis syö paljoa soijaa! Sen sijaan nykyään länsimaissa et voi edes tietää paljonko soijaa päivittäin syöt: sitä on tungettu melkein kaikkiin mahdollisiin elintarvikkeisiin, eikä sen käytöstä ole välttämättä edes aina mainintaa tuoteselosteessa. On siis mahdotonta tietää paljonko soijaa päivän aikana tulee syötyä, ellet valmista ruokaasi täysin peruselintarvikkeista. Lisäksi nämä länsimaiset tuotteet eivät ole valmistettu kuten perinteiset soijaruoat esim. Japanissa. Tofua valmistettaessa suurin osa haitta-aineista (isoflavoneista) jää pois syötävästä tuotteesta.

Soijan sisältämä isoflavonoidi genistein aiheuttaaa ensin kilpirauhasen toiminnan kiihtymistä (=tämän takia monet suosittelevat käytettäväksi dieetillä). Ja tietenkin kun keho huomaa tämän, seuraa kilpirauhasen down regulointi, eli seuraa hypothyroidismi. Toinen vaikutus on estrogeenitasojen nouseminen ja tätä kautta mahdollinen testosteronitasojen laskeminen, yms. muut estrogeenihaitat. Nämä on mielestäni hyvin todennettuja vaikutuksia.

Toinen juttu, josta varmasti vegaanit suuttuvat. Kärjistettynä kasveista tulisi syödä vain se mitä kasvit haluavat meidän syövän: hedelmiä ja marjoja. Koska kasvit eivät pysty juoksemaan syöjiään karkuun, ne puolustautuvat kemiallisesti. Estrogeenin tavoin vaikuttavat aineet vähentävät kasvia syövän eläinpopulaation hedelmällisyyttä ja sitä kautta vähentää kasviin kohdistuvaa uhkaa. Monet ihmisen ns. hyötykasvit on jalostettu aikojen kuluessa vähemmän haitallisiksi ja siten suurta osaa nykyään tarjottavista kasviksista pystyykin syömään melko hyvin ilman mainittavia haittoja. Silti hedelmät ja marjat ovat ainoita kasvien meille tarkoittamia, syötäviä kohteita.

T-Nation: Okay, let me play devil's advocate for a minute. One of the arguments supporting soy always brings up the apparent health and longevity of soy-eating Asian cultures. What do you say to that?

Dr. Daniel: First of all, Asia is a huge continent. It includes people of very different cultures with widely varying dietary customs and health records. If we look at the statistics for cancer and other diseases, we discover that certain types of cancer are more prevalent in the United States than in, say, China, and vice versa. Though the soy industry likes to take credit for the good news, it consistently neglects to mention the bad. And for all anyone knows, the good news could be attributed to other dietary or lifestyle influences. Claims that soybeans have been a major part of the Asian diet for more than 3000 years, or from "time immemorial" as we sometimes hear, are also simply not true.

The main point I want to make is that Asians don’t actually eat very much soy.

Peter Golbitz, of Soyatech Inc, a soy-industry information center, reports that the average consumption per year in China, Indonesia, Korea, Japan and Taiwan ranges from 9.3 grams to 36 grams per day. Compare that to a single cup of tofu that weighs in at 252 grams and think about the people you know who are eating soy every day, several times a day.

Others too have reported that Asians eat very little soy. When T. Colin Campbell of Cornell University traveled around China to survey the dietary habits of 6,500 adults in 130 rural villages, he reported that they ate an average of 12 grams of legumes per day. Probably only about one third of this amount is soy. (For some inexplicable reason he never got the figures on soy alone.)

Finally, keep in mind that the type of food Asians eat is very different from the soy that's appearing on the American table. Think small amounts of old-fashioned whole soy products like miso and tempeh, not soy sausages, soy burgers, chicken-like soy patties, TVP chili, tofu cheesecake, packaged soymilk or any other of the ingenious new soy products that have infiltrated the American marketplace.

T-Nation: Since soy is getting hard to avoid, is there a minimum intake you'd suggest? How many grams per day are okay?

Dr. Daniel: Total grams can be hard to calculate because of all the hidden soy in packaged and restaurant and deli foods. This type of soy can be avoided by preparing fresh, whole foods from scratch.

I’d say that people who are healthy can safely eat several small servings of soy foods per week, preferably the old-fashioned foods such as miso, tempeh and natto. They can also safely use shoyu or tamari soy sauce as a condiment. Those are found at health food stores and are far superior to the soy sauces sold at supermarkets. I wouldn't exceed an average of 36 grams per day — an amount equivalent to what’s ordinarily eaten in Japan, which is the country with the highest soy consumption in Asia.
 
Mike sanoi:
Niin marginaalinen se vaikutus testosteroniin on, että ainoa mikä voisi olla pointtina soijan unohtamiselle, on sen järjettömän paha maku.

No tästä täytyy kyllä olla samaa mieltä, tuskin kukaan sentään pelkästä soijasta protkujaan vetää. Itte oon käyttänyt sitä heran joukossa n. 1/3 välipalaprotskuna ja siten se makukin menee ihan hyvin. Pelkkä soija maistuu itse saatanalta.
 
Lueskelin tossa noin 500 tutkimusartikkelia 1200 löytyneestä, jotka löytyivät pubmedistä - soijasta ja sen vaikutuksista. 95% prosenttia artikkeleista osoittivat fytoestrogeenien hyvistä vaikutuksista ja vain muutamissa todettiin, että suurilla konsentraatioilla on saatu jotain efektejä rotilla. Uskaltaisinpa väittää, että soijaa voi syödä turvallisin mielin.

Effect of a phytoestrogen food supplement on reproductive health in normal males.

Mitchell JH, Cawood E, Kinniburgh D, Provan A, Collins AR, Irvine DS.

Division of Cellular Integrity, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, UK.

Animal studies and human intervention trials have demonstrated the cancer chemopreventive properties of plant phytoestrogens, and phytoestrogen supplements are now widely available 'over-the-counter'. However, consumption of phytoestrogen-rich diets can cause impaired fertility and reproductive tract disorders in some animals and the apparent decline in human sperm quality over recent decades may be related to increased exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors. The present study determines the effects of a short-term phytoestrogen supplement on semen quality and serum sex steroid and gonadotrophin levels in human males. Healthy volunteers took a supplement containing 40 mg of isoflavones daily for 2 months and donated blood and semen samples monthly for 2 months before and 4 months after supplementation. Semen samples were analysed for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility and morphology. Blood samples were analysed for sex hormone and gonadotrophin levels and phytoestrogen concentrations, and testicular volume was measured using an orchidometer. The phytoestrogen supplement increased plasma genistein and daidzein concentrations to approx. 1 microM and 0.5 microM respectively; yet, there was no observable effect on endocrine measurements, testicular volume or semen parameters over the study period. This is the first study to examine the effects of a phytoestrogen supplement on reproductive health in males. We conclude that the phytoestrogen dose consumed had no effect on semen quality.

Publication Types:
Clinical Trial

PMID: 11352776 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


A case-control study of dietary phytoestrogens and testicular cancer risk.

Walcott FL, Hauptmann M, Duphorne CM, Pillow PC, Strom SS, Sigurdson AJ.

Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

A few dietary studies have found elevated testicular cancer risks for higher red meat, fat, and milk intakes and lower intakes of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Because hormonal modulation by dietary intake of plant estrogens could affect risk of testicular cancer, we chose to explore the possible relationship between dietary phytoestrogens and testicular cancer. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 159 testicular cancer cases diagnosed between 1990 and 1996 and 136 adult friend-matched controls at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Amounts of phytoestrogenic compounds in foods were added to the National Cancer Institute's DietSys program and then grouped into prelignans, lignans, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, phytosterols, and coumestrol for statistical analysis, expressed per 1,000 kcal. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed, after adjustment for age, education, income, ethnicity, cryptorchidism, body mass index, baldness unrelated to therapy, severe acne in adolescence, early puberty, daily fiber and fat intake, and total daily calories, no discernable monotonic increased or decreased risk estimates across quartiles of phytoestrogen intake. A U-shaped pattern was observed for lignans and coumestrol. Further evaluation of this pattern by cubic spline parameterization did fit the data, but the data were also consistent with no effect. This hypothesis-generating study does not support the premise that dietary phytoestrogens increase or decrease testicular cancer risk in young men.

PMID: 12672640 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



Epidemiology of phytoestrogens.

Adlercreutz H.

Folkhalsan Research Centre, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Epidemiological studies have revealed that high levels of lignans and isoflavonoids are frequently associated with low breast, prostate and colon cancer risk, as well as a low risk of coronary heart disease. These compounds seem to be cancer protective and/or are biomarkers of a 'healthy' diet. All soy protein products consumed by Asian populations have high concentrations of isoflavonoids. In other countries, such as Finland and Sweden, the lignan levels are higher in populations with the lowest risk because of a high consumption of whole-grain rye bread, berries and some vegetables. There is a strong association between fibre intake per kilogram body weight and lignan concentrations in body fluids. Breast cancer has been found to be associated with low lignan levels in the USA, Finland, Sweden and Australia. With regard to prostate and colon cancer, as well as coronary heart disease, the epidemiological data related to phytoestrogens are still very limited.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Academic

PMID: 10384816 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



Phytoestrogens: potential endocrine disruptors in males.

Santti R, Makela S, Strauss L, Korkman J, Kostian ML.

University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland. Santti@utu.fi

Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces persistent structural and functional alterations in the developing reproductive tract of males. It is possible that xenoestrogens other than DES alter sexual differentiation in males and account for the increasing incidence of developmental disorders of the reproductive tract in men and wild animals. Phytoestrogens (coumestans, isoflavonoids, flavonoids, and lignans) present in numerous edible plants are quantitatively the most important environmental estrogens when their hormonal potency is assessed in vitro. They exert their estrogenic activity by interacting with estrogen receptors (ERs) in vitro. They may also act as antiestrogens by competing for the binding sites of estrogen receptors or the active site of the estrogen biosynthesizing and metabolizing enzymes, such as aromatase and estrogen-specific 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (type 1). In theory, phytoestrogens and structurally related compounds could harm the reproductive health of males also by acting as antiestrogens. There are very little data on effects of phytoestrogens in males. Estrogenic effects in wildlife have been described but the evidence for the role of phytoestrogens is indirect and seen under conditions of excessive exposure. In doses comparable to the daily intake from soybased feed, isoflavonoids such as genistein were estrogen agonists in the prostate of adult laboratory rodents. When given neonatally, no persistent effects were observed. In contrast, the central nervous system (CNS)-gonadal axis and the male sexual behavior of the rat appear to be sensitive to phytoestrogens during development. The changes were similar but not identical to those seen after neonatal treatment with DES, but higher doses of phytoestrogens were needed.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 9460177 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



Problems for risk assessment of endocrine-active estrogenic compounds.

Safe SH, Pallaroni L, Yoon K, Gaido K, Ross S, McDonnell D.

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA. ssafe@cvm.tamu.edu

Estrogenic industrial compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol typically bind estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERBeta and induce transactivation of estrogen-responsive genes/reporter genes, but their potencies are usually greater than or equal to 1,000-fold lower than observed for 17Beta-estradiol. Risk assessment of estrogenic compounds on the basis of their potencies in simple reporter gene or binding assays may be inappropriate. For example, selective ER modulators (SERMs) represent another class of synthetic estrogens being developed for treatment of hormone-dependent problems. SERMs differentially activate wild-type ERalpha and variant forms expressing activation function 1 (ER-AF1) and AF2 (ER-AF2) in human HepG2 hepatoma cells transfected with an estrogen-responsive complement C3 promoter-luciferase construct, and these in vitro differences reflect their unique in vivo biologies. The HepG2 cell assay has also been used in our laboratories to investigate the estrogenic activities of the following structurally diverse synthetic and phytoestrogens: 4 -hydroxytamoxifen; BPA; 2 ,4 ,6 -trichloro-4-biphenylol; 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 -tetrachloro-4-biphenylol; p-t-octylphenol; p-nonylphenol; naringenin; kepone; resveratrol; and 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane. The results show that synthetic and phytoestrogens are weakly estrogenic but induce distinct patterns of ER agonist/antagonist activities that are cell context- and promoter-dependent, suggesting that these compounds will induce tissue-specific (in vivo(ER agonist or antagonist activities. These results suggest that other receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, that also bind structurally diverse ligands may exhibit unique responses in vivo that are not predicted by standard in vitro bioassays.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 12634121 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


How significant are environmental estrogens to women?

Cassidy A, Milligan S.

Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, London, UK.

Women are exposed to xenobiotic estrogens at least to the same extent as men. These estrogenic chemicals are either from plant material in the diet (phytoestrogens) or from industrial sources. Mainly industrially derived environmental estrogens may accumulate within the food chain and persist in human adipose tissue. In contrast, phytoestrogens do not bioaccumulate and are rapidly excreted in urine. The phytoestrogens probably represent the source of most extensive exposure for humans. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diets rich in phytoestrogens are associated with reduced incidences of cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, prostate cancer and osteoporosis. The numerous bioactivities (other than just estrogenicity) of phytoestrogens and related dietary compounds make it difficult to single out the mechanisms mediating such protective effects. The possibility that the newly discovered estrogen receptor beta may be an important modulator of phytoestrogen action is opening up new lines of research. While the evidence suggests that phytoestrogens may be of positive relevance to postmenopausal women, indications that exposure of women to industrially derived xenobiotic estrogens provides risks to health remain unproven. Further work is necessary to clarify the relative importance of 'xenobiotic' estrogens to human health, but it must be emphasized that the estrogenic potency of all the xenobiotic estrogens is very low compared with that of endogenous estrogens.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 11907947 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]




Exposure to soy-based formula in infancy and endocrinological and reproductive outcomes in young adulthood.

Strom BL, Schinnar R, Ziegler EE, Barnhart KT, Sammel MD, Macones GA, Stallings VA, Drulis JM, Nelson SE, Hanson SA.

University of Pennsylvania, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 824 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA. bstrom@cceb.med.upenn.edu

CONTEXT: A large body of evidence documents the role of phytoestrogens in influencing hormone-dependent states. Infants fed soy formula receive high levels of phytoestrogens, in the form of soy isoflavones, during a stage of development at which permanent effects are theoretically possible. However, a paucity of data exists on the long-term effects of infant soy formulas. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between infant exposure to soy formula and health in young adulthood, with an emphasis on reproductive health. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort study conducted from March to August 1999 among adults aged 20 to 34 years who, as infants, participated during 1965-1978 in controlled feeding studies conducted at the University of Iowa, Iowa City (248 were fed soy formula and 563 were fed cow milk formula during infancy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported pubertal maturation, menstrual and reproductive history, height and usual weight, and current health, compared based on type of formula exposure during infancy. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in either women or men for more than 30 outcomes. However, women who had been fed soy formula reported slightly longer duration of menstrual bleeding (adjusted mean difference, 0.37 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.68), with no difference in severity of menstrual flow. They also reported greater discomfort with menstruation (unadjusted relative risk for extreme discomfort vs no or mild pain, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.04-3.00). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to soy formula does not appear to lead to different general health or reproductive outcomes than exposure to cow milk formula. Although the few positive findings should be explored in future studies, our findings are reassuring about the safety of infant soy formula.

PMID: 11497534 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]




Phytoestrogens in health and disease.

Davis SR, Dalais FS, Simpson ER, Murkies AL.

Jean Hailes Foundation Research Unit, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Phytoestrogens are compounds found in a wide variety of plant foods that historically are said to exhibit estrogen-like activity and, more recently, have been reported to display both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects. Population-based studies have been interpreted to suggest that consumption of a phytoestrogen-rich diet is protective against breast, prostate, and bowel cancer and cardiovascular disease and ameliorates estrogen-deficiency symptoms in postmenopausal women. Consequently, there is a global movement towards increased consumption of phytoestrogen-rich foods and tabletized concentrated isoflavone extracts are being heavily promoted. Evaluating the effects and hence the potential benefits and risks of phytoestrogens is a complex task. The interindividual diversity and complexity in dietary phytoestrogen absorption and metabolism make the bioactivity of these compounds unpredictable. Epidemiological studies of relationships between phytoestrogens and cancer and cardiovascular disease that take into account confounding factors are scarce. Results of many of the in vitro and in vivo studies are conflicting and confusing. These compounds do not simply mimic the effects of human steroidal estrogen but rather demonstrate both similar and divergent actions. The ultimate actions of these compounds in specific cells are determined by many factors, including the relative levels of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ER beta and the diverse cocktail of co-activators and co-repressors present in any given cell type. Therefore, effects vary according to the phytoestrogen studied, cell line, tissue, species, and response being evaluated. Overall, it is naive to assume that exposure to these compounds is always good; inappropriate or excessive exposure may be detrimental. Extensive documentation of the specific intracellular effects of the various phytoestrogens in different tissues, the relationships between timing and duration of exposure and disease, and results from prospective randomized studies in humans of their clinical effects and potential side effects are essential. Only then can widespread recommendations regarding the dietary and pharmacological intake of these compounds be made.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Academic

PMID: 10548876 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]




Phyto-oestrogens: where are we now?

Bingham SA, Atkinson C, Liggins J, Bluck L, Coward A.

MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, UK. Sheila.Bingham@mrc-dunn.cam.ac.uk

Phyto-oestrogens have emerged from their esoteric role in animal husbandry following the hypothesis that the human Western diet is relatively deficient in these substances compared with societies where large amounts of plant foods and legumes are eaten. Evidence is beginning to accrue that they may begin to offer protection against a wide range of human conditions, including breast, bowel, prostate and other cancers, cardiovascular disease, brain function, alcohol abuse, osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms. Of the two main classes of these weak oestrogens, the isoflavones are under intensive investigation due to their high levels in soyabean. Like the 'anti-oestrogen' Tamoxifen, these seem to have oestrogenic effects in human subjects in the cardiovascular system and bone. Although previously only available from food, isoflavones are now being marketed in health-food supplements or drinks, and tablets may soon be available over the counter as 'natural' hormone-replacement therapy. In cancer, anti-oestrogenic effects are thought to be important, although genistein especially has been shown to induce wide-ranging anti-cancer effects in cell lines independent of any hormone-related influence. There are few indications of harmful effects at present, although possible proliferative effects have been reported. In infants, the effects of high levels in soya milk formulas are uncertain. The second group, lignans, have been less investigated despite their known antioestrogenic effects and more widespread occurrence in foods. Investigation of the possible benefits of phyto-oestrogens is hampered by lack of analytical standards and, hence, inadequate methods for the measurement of low levels in most foods. This problem may prove to be a major dilemma for regulatory authorities, clinicians and others wishing to advise the general public on whether these compounds really do have the health benefits attributed to them.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Academic

PMID: 9682657 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]





Herbal medicines, phytoestrogens and toxicity: risk:benefit considerations.

Sheehan DM.

National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, DHHS, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA.

There are several suggested health benefits of phytoestrogens, particularly those found in soy products. Herbal medicines are also widely thought to confer health benefits. Additionally, drugs are prescribed to improve human health, but unlike phytoestrogens and herbal medicines, toxicities are defined in experimental animals and monitored in humans before and after marketing. Knowledge of toxicity is crucial to decrease the risk:benefit ratio; this knowledge defines appropriate conditions for use and strategies for development of safer products. However, our awareness of the toxicity of herbal medicines and phytoestrogen-containing foods is dramatically limited compared to drugs. Some aspects of the toxicity of herbal medicines are briefly reviewed; it is concluded that virtually all of our knowledge is derived from human exposures leading to acute toxicities. Importantly, detection of toxicity is sporadic, and little information is available from prior animal experimentation. Additionally, well-organized monitoring of human populations (as occurs for drugs) is virtually nonexistent. Important toxicities with long latencies are particularly difficult to associate with a causative agent during or even after large scale exposures, as exemplified by tobacco smoking and lung cancer; estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer; diethylstilbestrol and reproductive tract cancers; and fetal alcohol exposure and birth defects. These considerations suggest that much closer study in experimental animals and human populations exposed to phytoestrogen-containing products, and particularly soy-based foods, is necessary. Among human exposures, infant soy formula exposure appears to provide the highest of all phytoestrogen doses, and this occurs during development, often the most sensitive life-stage for induction of toxicity. Large, carefully controlled studies in this exposed infant population are a high priority.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 9492351 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



Potential adverse effects of phytoestrogens.

Whitten PL, Lewis C, Russell E, Naftolin F.

Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.

Evaluation of the potential benefits and risks offered by naturally occurring plant estrogens requires investigation of their potency and sites of action when consumed at natural dietary concentrations. Our investigations have examined the effects of a range of natural dietary concentrations of the most potent plant isoflavonoid, coumestrol, using a rat model and a variety of estrogen-dependent tissues and endpoints. Treatments of immature females demonstrated agonistic action in the reproductive tract, brain, and pituitary at natural dietary concentrations. Experiments designed to test for estrogen antagonism demonstrated that coumestrol did not conform to the picture of a classic antiestrogen. However, coumestrol did suppress estrous cycles in adult females. Developmental actions were examined by neonatal exposure of pups through milk of rat dams fed a coumestrol, control, or commercial soy-based diet during the critical period of the first 10 postnatal days or throughout the 21 days of lactation. The 10-day treatment did not significantly alter adult estrous cyclicity, but the 21-day treatment produced in a persistent estrus state in coumestrol-treated females by 132 days of age. In contrast, the 10-day coumestrol treatments produced significant deficits in the sexual behavior of male offspring. These findings illustrate the broad range of actions of these natural estrogens and the variability in potency across endpoints. This variability argues for the importance of fully characterizing each phytoestrogen in terms of its sites of action, balance of agonistic and antagonistic properties, natural potency, and short-term and long-term effects.

PMID: 7884563 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]




Serum phytoestrogens and prostate cancer risk in a nested case-control study among Japanese men.

Ozasa K, Nakao M, Watanabe Y, Hayashi K, Miki T, Mikami K, Mori M, Sakauchi F, Washio M, Ito Y, Suzuki K, Wakai K, Group AT.

Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. kozasa@basic.kpu-m.ac.jp

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a high serum concentration of phytoestrogens reduces the risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study nested in a community-based cohort in Japan (Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study). Information on lifestyles and sera of the subjects were collected in 1988-90, and they were followed up to 1999. Incident and dead cases of prostate cancer and controls were matched for study area and age. Phytoestrogens and sex hormones in sera stored at - 80 degrees C were measured in 2002. Of 14,105 male subjects of the cohort who donated their sera, 52 cases and 151 controls were identified. Three datasets were analyzed; 1) all subjects, 2) 40 cases and 101 controls after excluding subjects with low testosterone levels who were suspected of having had medical intervention, and 3) 28 cases and 69 controls with prostate specific antigen level of </= 10.0 ng/ml. The odds ratio (OR) for the highest level to the lowest was 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI); 0.13, 1.13) for genistein, 0.41 (0.15, 1.11) for daidzein, and 0.34 (0.11, 1.10) for equol for the second dataset. Genistein and daidzein showed similar findings in the third one. Equol and equol/daidzein ratio showed consistent findings in all three datasets (OR = 0.39, 95% CI; 0.13, 0.89, trend P = 0.02 for the first dataset). Their effects seemed to be independent of serum sex hormones. In conclusion, serum genistein, daidzein, and equol seemed to dose-dependently reduce prostate cancer risk.

PMID: 14720329 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



Phytoestrogens inhibit human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5.

Krazeisen A, Breitling R, Moller G, Adamski J.

GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute for Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.

The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17beta-HSD 5) is involved in estrogen and androgen metabolism. In our study we tested the influence of environmental hormones, such as phytoestrogens (flavonoids, coumarins, coumestans), on reductive and oxidative 17beta-HSD activity of the human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17beta-HSD 5). These dietary substances were shown to be potent inhibitors of aromatase, different 17beta-HSDs and seem to play an important role in delay of development of hormone dependent cancers. Our studies show that reductive and oxidative activity of the enzyme are inhibited by many dietary compounds, especially zearalenone, coumestrol, quercetin and biochanin A. Among the group of flavones inhibitor potency is growing with increasing number of hydroxylations. We suggest that these substances are bound to the hydrophilic cofactor-binding pocket of the enzyme. An interesting inhibition pattern is observed for 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, which has no influence on the oxidative but only on the reductive reaction. This indicates that this substrate binds to pH- and cofactor-depending sites at the active center of the enzyme.

PMID: 11165023 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]




In vitro tests for essential sperm functions using the phyto-oestrogen genistein as a test substance.

Hinsch KD, Aires V, Hagele W, Hinsch E.

Centre of Dermatology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.

Sperm motility, binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida and induction of the acrosome reaction are prerequisites for successful oocyte fertilization. Examination of the physiological and nonphysiological effects of particular compounds on sperm functions requires high-quality in vitro test systems. In this short methodological overview, a reliable combined in vitro test system with bovine gametes is described. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether aliquots of pooled post-thaw spermatozoa are suitable for examination of environmental substances that affect essential sperm functions. The combined test system includes a number of known methods for the assessment of sperm vitality and motion parameters, acrosomal status, inducibility of acrosome reaction and sperm zona pellucida binding. First observations indicate that genistein inhibits the induction of acrosomal exocytosis and binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida. Motility parameters and the viability of bovine spermatozoa were not affected by this substance. It is concluded that genistein, a phyto-oestrogen which is abundant in several plants, can be used as a test substance for the evaluation of effects upon essential bovine sperm functions in vitro.

PMID: 11021513 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]




Reproductive toxicology: current and future directions.

Hoyer PB.

Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. hoyer@u.arizona.edu

During the 20th century, there has been an increased risk from environmental by-products that may be harmful to reproductive function in humans. Therefore, as the 21st century begins, it is appropriate to evaluate future directions within the field of reproductive toxicology. This commentary identifies several approaches and developing technologies that would help research continue in a meaningful direction. Four areas for development are suggested, and selected examples of research involved in those areas are discussed: (1) Translational applications: workplace exposures thought to cause infertility in men (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, DBCP) and menstrual disturbances in women (2-bromopropane, 2BP) are given as examples of human effects that have prompted animal studies. (2) Exposure paradigms: extrapolating dosing in animals to exposures in humans becomes complex. Two examples of surprising findings using lower doses are cited: ovotoxicity caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and disrupted sexual differentiation caused by the fungicide vinclozolin. (3) Gender differences: predicting variable risk between women and men requires investigation of the effects of reproductive toxicants in both genders. The phthalates provide a good example for this comparison. Whereas di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a reproductive toxicant working by similar mechanisms in males and females, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) produces developmental effects in males and reproductive tract effects in females. (4) Endocrine disruptors: recent research has identified environmental chemicals that disrupt reproductive processes by altering the actions of endogenous steroid hormones. The endocrine disruptor issue is discussed in terms of evaluation of the actual risk these chemicals may pose in humans.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 11755108 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
 
pecbuster72 sanoi:
Toinen juttu, josta varmasti vegaanit suuttuvat. Kärjistettynä kasveista tulisi syödä vain se mitä kasvit haluavat meidän syövän: hedelmiä ja marjoja. Koska kasvit eivät pysty juoksemaan syöjiään karkuun, ne puolustautuvat kemiallisesti. Estrogeenin tavoin vaikuttavat aineet vähentävät kasvia syövän eläinpopulaation hedelmällisyyttä ja sitä kautta vähentää kasviin kohdistuvaa uhkaa.

Hormonitoimintoihin vaikuttavia aineita on vain pieni osa kasvien sekundääriyhdisteistä, suurin osa on entsyymi-inhibiittoreita, jotka vaikuttavat ruuansulatukseen ja eläimillä on omat keinonsa vähentää kasvien puolustuskemikaalien vaikutuksia. Kyseessä on kilpajuoksu l. koevoluutio, joka on jatkunut jo vuosimiljoonia. Jos kasvien tuottamilla hormoniaineilla olisi niin tuhoisa vaikutus kasvinsyöjiin, niin ne olisivat jo kuolleet sukupuuttoon.
 
Wintikka sanoi:
Joo, en mäkään soijaa vedä, kun evon ultra on sen verran halpaa, mutta lähinnä mun kommentti oli estää turhaa paniikkia.......
Kun joku soijaa vetänyt tekee polttoitsarin näitä soijajuttuja luettuaan.

Miten niin polttoitsemurhia tekemään, kun estrogeenit on korkealla niin silloin hakeudutaan terapiaan keskustelemaan ongelmista :D
 
Suomen toiseksi vahvin mies E. Qvintus(oman kylän poikia, vakiobaarini poke :thumbs: ) vannoo soijaproteiinin nimeen, syönnyt kuulemma juniorista asti sitä, käyttää myö palautusjuomassaan 30g soijaprotskua. Joten ääntä kohti vaan sitä soijaa, vaikka eihän se kyllä hyvää ole.
 
:itku: 20 kilon soijapussistani on vain muisto jäljellä... Jopo keulii vielä ihan kivasti, enkä ole vielä ainakaan naistenvaateosatolta itseäni löytänyt... Soijaa voipi ihan rauhassa nykiä naamariin.. Pitäs varmaan elää jollain soijalla koko ajan, että siitä irtoais joitain sivareita....
 

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